Brick-machine



s Sheets-Shet 2.

(No Model.)

W. E. GA RD. BRICK MACHINE.

Patented Mar. 21, 1882.

WWI-=2 WE N. versus Phalo-Lilhographur. Wlshlrlghzm n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICEO WALTER E. GARD, or BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

BRICK-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 255,385, dated March21, 1882.

Application filed September 5, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER E. GARD, of Baltimore, in the county ofBaltimore and State of Maryland, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Brick-Making Machinery; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is afull, clear, and exact description of my invention, whichwill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and toletters of reference marked thereon, which form part of thisspecification.

This invention belongs to that class of brickmaking machinery in whichthe clay is tenipered in its passage through a-horizontal pugwill by acontinuously-revolving shat'tto which tempering-blades are attached, andat its end an .expressingscrew which forces the clay through a die whichforms and guides the clay upward in a continuous column or bar, where itis sanded, pressed, and cut by a severing device into the designed sizefor brick, which are then ready to be taken from the machine for hackingupon the drying-yard.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a side elevation of myimproved brick-inachine. Fig.2 is acentral vertical longitudinal sectionthereof, taken on the line S S of Fig. 7. Fig, 3 is a perspective viewof the wirecutter frame. Fig. 4 is a top view of link 11, which holds awooden pin of the safety-valve. Fig. 5 is a top view of the detachableexpressing-screw wing N of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a vertical transversesection of the master-gear worm-wheel B, its oil-case, and connections,taken on a line, 90 w of Fig. 7. Fig. 7is atop view or plan of themachine. Fig. 8 is a view' ofa modification in the construction of thepugmill shaft I of Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a. vertical transverse section ofthe pug-mill and its supports, taken on the line 15 t of Fig. 1. Fig. 10is a top view of the guide-rollers for the column of clay, on anenlarged scale, and is taken on the line 0 0 of Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 11is an enlarged top sectional view, showing the operation of the press,taken on the line a a of Fig. 1. Fig. 12 is an end view of the die,sand-receptacle, and lower parts of the counterweighted carriage-framefor the press and guide-rollers. This view, made on an enlarged scale,is taken from below the line 9" r of Fig.

1. Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a guide-roller and itsadjusting-screw, taken on a line. 11 o, of Fig. 10. the press, torepresent its links and slots for guiding the wire cutter, and is takenon the line a n of Fig. 11. Fig. 15 represents an enlarged side and topview of the eccentricshaft of the press.

The same letter indicates the same part in all of the figures in whichit occurs.

My improvements consist First. In simplifying themechanism used tocommunicate power to this class of machinery by using but one gear-wheeland pinion. and running them both in oil.

Second. In receiving the thrust of the pugmill shaft uponfriction-rollers which revolve in oil between friction'plates and arearranged to run true with said shaft.

Third. In placing all ofthe bearings of the shafting in the oil-case, toinsure their being properly lubricated.

Fourth. In casting an enlarged flange or strengthening-web on thepug-mill,connecting the cross-head (which receives the thrust of thepug-mill shaft) directly with the delivery end of the machine, as asubstitute for the large bolts or rod's formerly used for that purpose.

Fifth. In making themachine of fewerparts by so forming the enlargedflange that it will connect the main supports or frame of the machinetogether, all of the shai'ting being thus held in perfect line withoutan expensive foundation for that purpose being necessary.

Sixth. In protecting the pug-mill from the efiects of undue internalpressure arising from any obstruction or too great stiffness of theclay, by making a swinging door at the deliveryend of the machine act asa safety-valve, wooden pins being used to hold it shut, which breakunder an extra strain, allowing the door to fly open, instantlyrelieving the machine of 95 the pressure, and thus preventing its beingbroken.

Seventh. In keeping the gearing and bearings from exposure to dust,sand, or grit by a covering which connects in one casting the cap of thefriction-plate, the covering of the master-wheel, and the cap of themain bearing of the pug-mill shaft.

Eighth. In makinga continuous spiral thread Fig. 14 is a partial endView of 55 around the pug mill shaft likca worm or screw, which extendsbut a short distance out from the shaft, and is not intended to take theplace of temperin g-blades, but is especially designed to obviate theclogging of the. pug-mill shaft and force the clay that would otherwiseadhere to it toward the expressing-screw at the delivery end of themachine.

Ninth. In making detachable temperingblades without shanks, removable atpleasure, less expensive to replace when worn out, and easily attachedto a web or a shank, which is made a part of the pug-mill shaft.

Tenth. In a modification of the construction of the pug-mil shaltwithout its continuous spiral thread, but with projections or stationaryshanks t which detachable tempering blades can easily be attached. Thiswill lessen the expelling area which presses the clay. Some varietiespack easily,aud will not admit of too great a pressure while being madeinto brick.

Eleventh. in making a detachable wing (or wings) to the expressing-screwwhich can be easily attached to a flange, web, or shank on the pug-millshaft, thus making it much less expensive to replace expressing-screwswhen worn out.

Twelfth. In facilitating the removing of obstructions in thc pug-mill bymaking an opening in its top which is closed by a covering constructedwith a hinge on each of its ends, so that by removing the bolt whichkeeps it shut on one side the other side will act as a hinge by whichthe door may swing open.

Thirteenth. In placing a die in such a position that it will formorguide a bar of clay upward.

Fourteenth. In the arrangementof a simple receptacle for sand whichreceives the bar of clay from belo\v,and in its passage upward throughthis receptacle, it is properly sanded without either rollers orscrapers being necessary.

Fifteenth. In the use ofa receptacle for sand which has hollow sides forthe introducing of steam or other means to keep the sand hot when it isdesired to save it as much as possible.

Sixteenth. In the application of heated sand to the bar of clay, therebyeffecting a great saving in sand, which is very expensive in someplaces.

Seventeenth. In a form to surround the bar of clayand yet not preventitspassage through it, with slots in its sides and ends, cut at rightangles to the bar of clay, so that when a severing device passes throughthem and the bar of clay it will not mar its surface by teariugit awayas the severing device leaves it; but as these slots were properlyspaced it will have cut the bricks of uniform thickness and with perfectedges, the slot being only of a width to properly receive the severingdevice.

Eighteenth. In a counter-weighted carriage in which the above-describedform and other parts, hereinafter named, are placed and balanced. Bythis means the power required to raise them and their carriage isreduced to such an extent that it does not retard the free andcontinuous passage or the column of clay while it is being operatedupon, after which the carriage is easily returned to its startingplace,ready to operate on the next part of the bar of clay in its upwardpassage.

Nineteenth. In a slidingand adjustable form or press which presses thebrick or presses the sand into the bar of clay, if desired, as it passesthrough it, and as it is also connected with the counterweightedcarriage it does not retard the free and continuous passage of the barof clay.

Twentieth. ln combining the form-press and severing device, whendesired.

Twenty-first. In a set of rollers to properly guide the bar of clay fromthe die through the sander and severing device.

Twenty-second. ln forming and connecting the supports to the pug-mill sothat a convenient tool-box or receptacle for articles will be formedunder it. This will strengthen the frame of the machine, as well asutilize an available space hitherto neglected. This receptacle can beprovided with doors and locks at its openings, it' so desired.

Finally. In the improved minor details of construction, which arehereinafter fully specified.

To enable others to make and use my improvements, I will proceed todescribe the construction and operation of this my improvedbrick-machine, referring to the drawings by the letters of referencemarked thereon.

The cross head J at the rear of the machine sustains the strain andpressure caused by the working of the pug-mill shaft I.

B is an oil-case, in which the master-wheel R and its driving-pinion Kwork.

D is an enlarged flange or strengtheningband, which connects thecrosshead J, the oilcase B, and the pug-mill E, in which the clay istempered, and G forms the support of the pug-mill. These fivediflerentparts of this machine, JB D E G, are all connected and madeinto one piece or casting, and taken together they constitute the frameof the machine, on and in which all of the operative parts are supportedand attached, and thus constructed all that is now required is a properfoundation to support its weight for operation.

The bearing K in the cross-head J holds the friction-plate u, in whichthe end of shaft I revolves, while its shoulder to communicates thethrust to the friction-plate to, that does not revolve, as thefriction-surface t' and friction-roller I) do, when working and underpressure. To keep these friction-rollers from touching or interferingwith each other, they have holes 0, (see Figs. 2 and 6,) in which pins7; of rings k k fit. As there is but little strain against these pins,they are made very light, being only required to separate the rollers b.

R is a master-wheel fixed upon and driving the horizontal pug-mill shaftI. This wheel I prefer making in the form of a worm gearwheel, and itsmotive power may be applied at any suitable angle whatever. I have foundthat a steadier and moreeven operation of this wheel may be effected bydriving it with a worm or spiral screw-pinion, K, engaged at its underside and running constantly in the Inbricant of case B, thus producing amore evenly-ruuning machincwith a corresponding diminution of wear tothe gearing. The power is communicated to the worm-pinion K (which iskeyed to the shaft J) by the driving-belt a (see Fig. 1) on tight pulleyT.

When the machine is not in operation the belt a is shifted by means ofthe shifter-arm g (which is connected with an adjustable or swingingshifter-arm support, h, by the bolt n) upon a loose pulley, 0, which istwo inches smaller in diameter than the tight pulley T. This differencebetween the diameters will slacken the belt a about three inches andthus relieve the loose pulley from the tension of the belt, (which wasnecessary to drive the machine,) as well as take the strain from thebelt.

To keep the belt a from beinginjured when it becomes necessary to shiftit from the loose pulley 0 to the tight pulley T,I place a straightflange, 0, upon the loose pulley. (I am aware that this straight flange0 is an old device for this purpose, and I believe common property.)

The bearings jj of the worm-shaft J are placed in the oil-case B. Theflanged head fof bearingjtightlycoverstheopeningf,(through which theworm K is taken out of or inserted into the case B.) and thus preventsany escape of the lubricant therefrom.

U E is the pug-mill, in which the clay is tempered. It is formed in twoparts, held together by bolts 0, but capable of being separated andtaken apart when desired. The opening U for introducing clay intopug-mill U E, grows larger toward the bottom so that clay will not lodgeoradhere to its sides in passing through.

In my former patent brick-machines (l875, 1876, and 1878) the pug-millshaft hearing was placed so close to the pug-mill that much trouble wasexperienced by clay working back into it, absorbing the oil, thuswearing away the shaft and its hearing by the undue friction thuscaused. In this machine I provide an opening or escape, d, in pug-mill UE, aspace, d, between the bearing A and the pug-mill, also alargerspace, (1 which separates the pngmill and the oil-case, so as toleave no place to lodge upon, and thus prevent its reaching the mainhearing A and doing the damage as heretofore. The pug-mill shaft I isprovided with a series of detachable tempering-blades, M M. attached toa continuous thread, L, arranged spirally around it. This arrangement ofthe continuous thread L is made to ob\ iate the tendency in some kindsof clay to adhere to the shalt and not move forward toward theexpressing screw ,hlades N, thus producing a clogging up of themud-shaft I and pug-mil1 G E, besides causing an unnecessary waste ofpower.

I am aware that screw-threads fastened permanently to a revolving shafthave before been used; but that arrangement was designed to dispenseentirely with tempering-blades, which I wish to be clearly distinguishedfrom the continuous spiral thread L shown by me, which by the use ofthis continuous spiral thread L,

with the pressing area which it presents, in combination with the areaof the detachable blades M, and tends to drive the clay into thedelivery end of the pug-mill and compress itthere faster than it canpass out of its proper 8 exit, the die U thus producing an unallowabledensity and consequent strain upon the thrust-place W, then take outshaft I and put in'shaft I, which is a modification in the constructionand differs only in dispensing with the continuous spiral thread; butfor convenience in attaching the knives M it has projections orstationary shanks M, to which, by bolts 0 or other means, saiddetachable knives can be affixed, thus reducing'the pressing area tothat of the knives alone. The less the pressing area the greater thesaving in power, while properly tempering the clay.

N marks the detachable wing of the expressing-screw. This wing may beattached to the thread L of the pug-mill shaft I, or to a flange on ashaft where the thread is not used, or to a shank similar to M of shaftI by countersunk bolts d orother means. Adoublethreaded or winged screwcan be made by using two of these wings N; but as this will increase thepressing area it is best decided by the kinds ofela-y to be worked.There are supposed to be as many varieties in clay as in wood. If onedetachable wing N, and without the continuous spiral thread L, will dothe work properly, it should be used to make the brick less dense andeasier to be cut with the trowel, which is quite an important item inmanufacturing brick.

In my brick-machines of 1875, 1876, and 1878 I used tempering-bladeswith shanks solidly attached and not detachable. As soon as thetempering-blade would wear out the shanks were useless; also, the hub ofthe expressingscrew could not be used after its wings had worn away. Toprovide against this loss I make a detachable tempering-blade andtemperingexpressing-screw blade or wing,as above stated.

In facilitating the removing of obstructions in the pug-mill I make anopening in 0, closed by the door It, which has a hinge, H on each of itsends, so that by removing the pin H (see Fig. l) on one side the otherside or hinge 1 enables the door to be opened, and thus I am enabled toopen the pug-mill from either side, while formerly these openings couldonly be reached from one side, thereby causing a delay and aninconvenience that the hinge H and pin H are designed to remedy.

Inasmuch as the most important feature of my invention consists inforcing a continuous column of clay upward and sanding it in its passageto the severing mechanism in the simplest manner possible, I wish to beunderstood as meaning in any decidedly upward angle by the expressionupward.

On the top of the pug-mill O is attached by swinging bolts 0 (see Fig.12) a die, U, which directs the column of clay upward. its sides aretapering, with its smallest part U (made the size of the brick to beformed) at that point where the continuous column of clay leaves it.This column of clay is forced to take an upward direction by thepressure of the expressing-screw N, the inclination ot the swinging doorQ, which guides the clay into this die, opening upward. The exact shapeof the swinging door Q or the placing of the die U in the positiondescribed is not a positive ne' cessity in the carrying out of myinvention, as the die could be placed in the'center or at the base ofthe swinging door Q, or in many other places, and its delivery-mouthstill direct the column of clay upward. After the continuous column ofclay leaves the die at U itenters the improved sand-box S, (shown inFigs. 2 and 12,) which consists in a receptacle for the sand, so placedin close connection with the die U that when it is filled with sand itwill not escape below, as the bar, Y, of clay, passes continuouslyupward through the said box, and is sanded by the dry sand adhering toits moist sides, the surplus sand falling back into the sand-receptacleS. I havefound byexperience that a very much smaller quantity of sandwill adhere to the surface of the column of clayit' it is applied hot,and the smallest quantity of sand that can possibly be made to adhere toits surface will make the best looking skin or face after the brick ispressed and burned, always provided that it is evenly sanded. Thesand-receptacle S can be made with hollow sides 8", in which steam canbe introduced, which expels the moisture from the sand and keeps it hotwhile being applied. This is not a necessity to those using horse orwater power to drive the machine, as the cost of applying steam to drythe sand might be made much greater than the cost of the wasted sand asit is commonly applied. The sand may be heated by tire or lamp, if sodesired. After the web of clay, Y, Fig. 2, is sanded it passes into theform V, which is by preference combined with the press for pressing thesand into the column of clay either before or after the cutting-wires LFig. 3, are passed through (by slots ein the form V) the column of clay.This form is a great and important improvement in this class ofmachinery, and its construction and operation will be described asseparate from the press.

The form V V V V, Figs. 11 and 14, can be made in one piece or with fourseparate sides, as here shown. It surrounds the bar of clay. The slot 0is a little larger than the wire L The slot l (see Figs. 1 and 14) ismade large enough to allow free passage and play to the wire cutter-armsc", which work in it. The slots 6 are made of equal distance apart, andare at right angles to the column of clay. The wires L, which areattached to the wire cutter-frame, Fig. 3, are pushed, preferably byhand, through it, and sever it into bricks y of a uniform thickness,which corresponds to the space between the slots 0 e of the form, Fig.14. The sides of the form are to prevent the column of clay from beingtorn at that point of its surface where the severing-wires L leave it inpassing through, and this form is especially designed for that purpose,as well as to so guide the cutter L that the bricks would be of uniformthickness and severed at right angles to their sides, leaving perfectedges.

1 have found a convenient method ot'attaching the prepared cutting-wiresL to the steel prongs e of the cutter-frame, Fig. 3-namely, by making atthe end of each prong e a stationary or fixed pin or hook, over whichthe prepared wires L (twisted so as to have eyes formed in each endwhich iit'over the fixed pins in the prong 0 are placed, while theprongsare pressed together, springing apart and stretching the wires L tightlybetween them on being released. This arrangement permits of an easy andquick replacement of any wires that may break. The handle H is where thepower is applied to sever the column of clay by pushing the wire throughit along the slots 0 of the form V V V V. as above described.

The above described form, with its wireguides e l, is in this machine bypreference combined with the press, (see Fig. 11 and 14,) which isconstructed to press the sand into the sides of the brick by thepeculiar operation, arrangement, and shape of the separated sides orlinks V V VV,forming tight and perfeet corners 2, but which do not comein c011- tact with each other, so as to interfere in the least with theoperation. They are held in position to form or press the brick into ashape or size that the machine is designed to make by eccentric-shafts(see Figs. 11 and 15) turning in the corner bearing, 2, of each link. Togive the desired movement to this shaft, Fig. 3, which is necessary inmoving the links or sides of the press in or out, there is placed at thetop of each shaft, on its pivot-axle m and keyed to it, the bell-crank0. (see Fig. 7,) connected with each other by the rods 1', and by movingthem in the direction as indicated by the arrow-heads 1' on theskeleton-lines 1' of Fig. 11 the desired inward movement of the sides VV V V is given to press the brick. An opposite movement of the rods 1'will release the brick, as it causes the form to enlarge by the sides orlinks moving outward.

IIO

To better show this operation of the press, we will look at the upperleft-hand corner of Fig. 11 and more fully describe the effect of amovement in the rods 1" and its connections. The real center axle orpivot, m m, of this eccentricshaftis at its extremities, the crescentshape m showing its throw or eccentricity, Fig. 15. vWhen this shaft ismoved by rods 1' and bell-crank e in direction 1' it causes the point '0of the eccentric m to enter like a Wedge or come between, so as toseparate the real center at of the eccentric-shaft and the side of thebearing 2 it'is nearest to in link a, and as the center on is fixed, thelink a, being movable, is moved in the direction of Y, the brick. Thepoint e of the eccentric m is at the same time separating the back'of eof link V and the center of m in the direction of Y. The resultantmotion is in the direction as indicated by the arrow in Y or the brickat the corner 2, and as each corner of this form will operate the samefrom like reason, then the end links, V V, and side links, V V, will allmove in the direction as indicated by the arrows, and thus compress orreduce in size the plastic form of the brick Y when the rods 1" aremoved in the direction shown by the arrowheads W of Fig. 11. After thebrick has been pressed, as has been fully described above, the brick isreleased by moving the rods r in an opposite direction to that indicatedby the arrow-heads r of Fig. 11.

To permit the corners z of the press to pass each other and notinterfere, the face of the links V V V V is extended and fits againstthe ends of the links at 2 to which it is closely held by the eccentricm of the shaft, Fig. 3, which, while it permits a free and end motion,also prevents a separation or side motion. (See Figs. 11 and 14.)

Fig. 14, (which isaslightly reduced end view taken on the line a n fofFig. 11,) represents the end links, V, upon the eccentricshaft m m m".These links are separated, as before fully described, by the slots 0 e Zl. a

The hearing or lug z is separated to allow the end 6 of its fitting linkto freely work be tween, and prevents an upward or downwarddisplacement, Each link has one or more lugs at'one end, with theabove-described space for the end 0 and at the otherend the projection citself, so constructed that it works between the lugs z z and eccentricm of the eccentricshaft.

Links V V V V may have, if desired, a recess at the point 2 where theywork in contact, in which any lubricant desired can be placed to lessenthe friction thus caused and facilitate its easy operation.

The rollers X, situated above the sander and press (see Figs. 2 and 10)to guide the barof clay Yiin its upward passage through them, aresupported by the frame F F, in which are the fixed bearings for thecenters at of the upper axle or pivot of the eccentric-shaft, on F, andm the lower axle on F. (See Fig.15.) -Between these parts of the frame Fand F the form or press V V V V operates. F is separated from F theproper distance by rods F .of the ccunterweighted carriage, hereinafterdescribed. The guide-rollers may be made adjustable by fixing in frameX, with space X for liners, against which it is drawn by screws X in theback support, X The rollers may be made adjustable or fixed, aspreferred.

The movable or counterweighted carriage, with its upper part, F, lowerpart, F, bearings F for guide-rods F to move freely up and down in adirection parallel to the sides of the column of clay Y, its cross-barW, the ends of which are fixed in slots of the guiderods F and attachedat its center by cord L03, passing over pulley ufiwith weight W, is allconstructed and arranged, as described, to balance the pressguide-rollers and its connections, so that the power required to raisethem is reduced to such an extent thatit does not retard the free andcontinuous passage of the recess 10 at its upper end. These bearings Fare connected by cross-pieces P, and are supported (at the slottedbearing, open on its under side, to facilitate the removal of thecarriage and its parts when desired) by studs fixed in support P ofpug-millG. (See Figs. 1 and 12.)

With the exception of the shape of the dies, press, and rollers, whenformed to make brick, this machine can be used to work any plasticmaterial. At Q, Fig. 2, a tile-die may be placed, if desired,

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent as my improvementsin brick machinery, is- V 1. The combination. of the oil-case B,horizontal shaft J, worm-pinion K, worm'gear B, and pug-mill shaft I orI, constructed and operated substantially as and for the purposedescribed. 0

2. A pug-mill shaft with a friction surface, i, firmly attached,friction-rollersb, operating between it and frictionplate to, allcombined, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

3. The combination of oil-case B, worm-gear R, friction-plates w i, androllers b, as set forth.

4. The oil-ease covering A with caps A and A attached, substantially asspecified.

5. The combination of cross-head J, flange D, and pug-mill E, whenconstructed and cast in one single piece, as herein specified.

6. The crosshead J, oil-case B, flange D,

pug-mill E, and supports Gr, constructed and arranged substantially asshown and described.

7. The bearing A, case B, opening d, opening 61, and space at, soarranged and constructed as to prevent clay from working into thehearing A, as set forth.

8. A shoulder, to, on pug-mill shaft I or I,

adapted to fit againsta master-wheel, R, for the purpose of keeping theshaft from being forced through the wheel by the back-pressure of theclay, as specified.

9. A tempering-blade, M, without a. hub or shank, in combination with abolt, 0 or its equivalent, used to attach the blade M to a projection, Lor M, on mud-shalt I or I, substantially as specified.

10. A pug-mill shaft with spiral thread L, in combination with adetachable temperingblade M, substantially as described.

11. An expressing-screw wing, N, withouta hub, made in one piece withit, in combination with bolts (1 and projection L or M of mudshaft 1 or1, as specified.

12. A pug-mill shaft with a continuous spiral thread, L, in combinationwith a detachable expressingscrew wing, N, constructed as described.

13. A tempering-blade, M, without a hub or shank, in combination with anexpressingscrew wing, N, without a hub, as specified.

14. The projection M ofa pug-mill shaft, 1, so made that it performs theotfiee ot' a hub or shank for a tempering-blade, M, which is attached toit by a bolt, 0', or its equivalent, as specified.

15. The safety-plate R, with hinge H arranged as and operating in themanner herein set forth.

16. The die U, constructed and arranged to guide a bar of clay so thatit will take an upward or ascending direction as it issues from saiddie, substantially as described.

17. The die U, to guide a bar of clay so that it will take an ascendingor upward direction, in combination with a receptacle, S, filled withsand and placed on top of said die U, which causes the sand to adhere tothe ascending bar of clay without the use of rollers, as specified.

18. The die U, in combination with swinging bolts 0, as set forth.

19. The sand-receptacle S, so arranged that the material to be sandedenters at the bottom or under side of the receptacle and passes up wardto be sanded, in the manner described.

20. A sand-receptacle, S, with hollow sides S in which steam or hotfluids can circulate to keep the sand dry, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

21. The application of heated sand to a. bar of clay in its passagethrough a sand-receptacle, as herein specified.

22. The slots 0 in form V, through which a severing device may bepassed, as specified.

23. The links V V, in combination with eccentric-shaft m on W, or itsequivalent, for the purpose described.

24. The rods 1', bell-crank e, eccentric-shaft m m m, and links V V V V,all arranged and operated substantially as and for the purpose hereinstated.

25. The counterweighted carriage F F F F W, substantially as hereindescribed, for the purpose set forth.

26. The die U, sand-receptacle S, press V V V V, and guide-rollers X,when combined and operated as herein shown and described, for thepurpose set forth.

27. The sand-receptacle S, so constructed and arranged that it will sanda bar of clay while it is passing through it in an upward and ascendingdirection without the use of rollers or other means to cause the sand toadhere to the bar of clay, as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I atfix heretomy signature, in Baltimore, in the presence. of two subscribingwitnesses, this 30th day of August, A. D. 1851.

WALTER E. GARI).

Witnesses:

WILLIAM: E. GARD, S. H. GARD.

